Yapay zekanın geleceğini birkaç teknoloji devinin tekelinde mi toplayacağız, yoksa gücü bireylere mi dağıtacağız? Mark Zuckerberg yayımladığı son bildiriyle açık kart oynadı ve kapalı sistemlere meydan okudu.
Gelecek Herkes İçindir
Mark Zuckerberg
Tarihin inanılmaz bir anında yaşıyoruz. Önümüzdeki birkaç yıl içinde insanlar, insan kapasitesinin ötesinde bir süper zekayı olağanüstü şeyler yaratmak, yeni işler kurmak, yeni fikirler ifade etmek ve yaşam kalitemizi artırmak için kullanabilecek. Bu an yaklaştıkça çağımızın en kritik sorusu şudur: Süper zekaya kim erişebilecek ve onu neye yönlendireceğiz? Güç birkaç kurumun elinde mi toplanacak, yoksa herkesi güçlendiren bir araca mı dönüşecek?
Bizim felsefemiz; refahın kaynağı olarak bireysel özgürleşmeye, süper zekanın temel amacı olarak icada ve güvenliğin temeli olarak güçler dengesine dayanıyor.
YZ geliştiren birçok çevrenin felaket tellallığıyla dolu söylemler üretmesini anlamakta güçlük çekiyorum.
YZ'nin o kadar tehlikeli olduğu ve tek güvenli yolun gücün aşırı merkezileşmesi gerektiği fikri doğası gereği sorunludur. Tarihte mutlak bir gücün insanlığa iyilik getireceğini ummak hiçbir zaman olumlu sonuçlanmamıştır. Büyüme ve ilerleme, gücü kurumların elinden alıp bireylerin eline verdiğimizde gerçekleşir.
Otomasyon Değil, İcat
Süper zekanın en büyük katkısı otomasyon değil, icat olacaktır. İlk YZ sistemleri rutin işleri yapabiliyordu; yakında bir aile üyesinin hastalığına ilaç bulmaktan yeni iş modelleri geliştirmeye kadar yeni bilgiler keşfetmemize yardım edecek.
Zeka bollaştıkça en önemli soru onu nasıl yönlendireceğimizdir. Süper zekanın veya onu kontrol eden küçük bir uzman grubunun insanlık için neyin en iyisi olduğuna karar vermesi gerektiği fikrine katılmıyoruz. En iyi yaklaşım, insanların kendi hayatlarında neyin önemli olduğuna kendilerinin karar vermesidir.
Kişisel Süper Zeka Nasıl Bir Dünya Yaratacak?
Kişisel Ajanlar: Herkesin hedeflerini, sağlığını, kariyerini ve finansını 7/24 yöneten son derece yetenekli bir kişisel ajanı olacak.
Sınırsız Yaratım Gücü: Fikirleri hayata geçirmek için devasa ekiplere veya fonlara gerek kalmayacak. Çocuklar tek bir akşamda kod yazıp robot tasarlayabilecek; mühendisler aylar süren uygulamaları günler içinde bitirecek.
Girişimci Ekonomi: İş kurma maliyetleri düştükçe ekonomi çok daha girişimci bir yapıya bürünecek. Bu durum işsizliği artırmak yerine zamanla daha fazla istihdam ve ekonomik büyüme yaratacak.
Herkese PhD Seviyesinde Özel Eğitmen: Herkes her konuda sınırsız sabra sahip, kişiselleştirilmiş bir süper zeka eğitmenine ücretsiz veya çok düşük maliyetlerle erişebilecek.
Tıpta ve Bilimde Devrim: Hücre ve protein modelleri sayesinde hastalıklara tanı ve tedavi bulma süreci radikal şekilde hızlanacak.
Güvenliğin Temeli: Güçler Dengesi
Geleneksel görüş, YZ risklerini engellemek için teknolojiyi mükemmelleştirip "tekil ve iyiliksever bir süper zeka" hizalamamız gerektiğini savunur. Bu hizalama fikri temelden kusurludur.
İnsanlık tek tip bir kültür değildir. Herkesin çelişen çıkarlarını ve değerlerini aynı anda temsil edebilecek hiçbir teknolojik çözüm yoktur. Tekil bir süper zeka, kaçınılmaz olarak bazı değerleri diğerlerine tercih etmek zorunda kalır ve herkese karşı iyiliksever olamaz. Çözüm, doğru bir güçler dengesi kurmaktır:
Sadece bir kişinin süper zeki bir avukatı olsaydı, mahkemede haksız bir üstünlük sağlardı. Ancak herkesin süper zeki bir avukatı olduğunda, adalet çok daha adil işler.
Sadece tek bir şirket süper zekaya sahip olsaydı rekabeti yok ederdi.
Ancak herkes süper zekaya erişebildiğinde, piyasa çok daha dinamik ve kapsayıcı bir refah üretir.
Süper zekanın gücü az sayıda bireyin, şirketin veya hükümetin elinde toplanırsa bu herkes için olumsuz sonuçlar doğurur. Tekil ve iyiliksever bir süper zeka diye bir şey yoktur. En güvenli yol, süper zekayı herkesin hizmetine sunarak gücü dağıtmaktır. Çünkü gelecek herkes içindir
Orjinal Metin;
The Future is for Everyone
By Mark Zuckerberg
The Path to a Positive AI Future
We are fortunate to live at an incredible moment in history. In the next few years, people will be able to use superintelligence beyond human capacity to create and discover extraordinary new things, build new businesses, express new ideas, learn new concepts, and advance our health and quality of life. As we get closer to this moment, it is important to develop a philosophy for how we can best use superintelligence to ensure it improves all of our lives, work, communities, freedom and safety.
The defining questions of our age are who will have access to superintelligence and what will we direct it towards. Will it be centralized and restricted to a few institutions, or will it be a tool that empowers everyone?
We propose a philosophy based on individual empowerment as the source of prosperity, invention as the primary purpose of superintelligence, and balance of power as the foundation of safety.
All new technologies create opportunities and challenges. Superintelligence will be among the most important technologies in history, so its opportunities and challenges will likely be greater than any we've seen in our lifetimes. We should take this very seriously.
Still, it is surprising that the discourse from many developing AI is so filled with doom. I do not understand why anyone who believes that AI will eliminate most jobs and much of humanity's relevance would rush to build that future. The notion that AI is so dangerous that the only safe path is an extreme concentration of power seems inherently problematic. Historically, hoping that an absolute power will benevolently provide for humanity if sufficiently enlightened has not led to safe or positive outcomes.
Humanity has witnessed many transformative advances. Each time there is fear that people will be left behind. But each time humanity has come out with more people sharing greater prosperity, health, and freedom. We believe this will be true with AI as well, and the abundance of the future can be shared by everyone. We also believe that the values that got us to this point — like liberty, open inquiry, free enterprise, and equal opportunity — are also the right values to build a positive future.
Putting power in people's hands to pursue their own aspirations is how humanity has made the most progress. Novel ideas and major steps forward rarely originate from established institutions alone. They came from the brothers in a bicycle shop who believed people could fly, the bookbinder's apprentice with no schooling who figured out how to generate electricity, and the kid in a garage who thought personal computers could be for everyone. We believe this will continue to be true. As everyone gains more powerful tools, each person will become more capable of shaping the future, not less.
Invention, not automation, will be the greatest contribution of superintelligence. Early AI could answer questions and do routine work. Soon it will increasingly help discover new knowledge — ranging from discovering new drugs to cure a family member's disease to finding new ways to improve your business. While the number of questions a person can ask in a day is limited, the number of valuable things superintelligence can invent to help achieve your goals is unlimited.
As intelligence becomes abundant, the most important question will be how we direct it. Some argue that superintelligence itself or a small set of experts who control it should decide what is best for humanity. We disagree. The history of democracy and economics has shown that there is no single objective answer to how people define the best life, and therefore the best approach is letting people decide what matters in their own lives.
We believe that delivering superintelligence to everyone is the way to answer this question. This follows the tradition of putting the power of supercomputers and the internet in everyone's pockets and on our desks. Rather than centralizing superintelligence, we should distribute it widely and give every person the ability to direct it. This has the potential to begin a new era of personal empowerment where individuals can use this powerful new capability to reach their full potential, pursue their interests, and improve their lives and the world more than ever before.
How Meta is Building Personal Superintelligence
To make this more tangible, here are a few specific ways Meta is building personal superintelligence to improve all of our lives:
Personal Agents: Everyone will have an exceptionally capable personal agent that understands you, your goals, and everything you care about. Your agent will work 24/7 on your behalf to improve your relationships, health, career, finances, home management, hobbies, and more. It will free up time for the things you enjoy, and help you accomplish more than you could otherwise. It will have strong privacy and security options so you can trust it to handle all of your personal content knowing that no one else can access your information, similar to how encryption works on WhatsApp. You'll be able to interact with your agent through any device, including your glasses to keep you present in the moment with the people you care about.
Creation Tools: Everyone will have incredible tools for creation to express your ideas. My 8 year old daughter can already code her ideas and produce videos in an evening that would have either taken me months or been impossible previously. Now we're designing a robot together. Meanwhile, researchers at Meta are generating novel crystal structures that are ideal for augmented reality glasses, and engineers are creating new apps in a fraction of the time it would have taken before. Everyone will soon have invention superpowers.
Entrepreneurship & Economy: Everyone will have powerful tools to create new businesses and the economy will become more entrepreneurial. People are starting to be able to manifest ideas themselves without having to raise money or build large teams. Many ideas that would have been too hard or expensive to try before will now be possible. This means we'll see many more ideas and businesses. I predict that this will not only lead to much greater economic growth, but also more employment over time rather than less.
Personalized Tutors: Everyone will have a personalized tutor and coach with a PhD in every subject and unlimited patience to help you learn anything you want. Students will have extra help in areas they need it that is currently only available to those whose parents can pay. Adults will have a superintelligent learning assistant that knows exactly how to teach you new job skills, new languages, new hobbies, or anything else you're interested in.
Scientific Advances: Everyone will benefit from scientific advances and be able to contribute to scientific progress. For example, Biohub has already shipped open source biological models related to virtual cells and proteins that are helping scientists make new discoveries and design new drugs. When Priscilla and I started this work, our goal was to help scientists cure or prevent all diseases this century, and now with advances in AI we expect this will be possible much sooner.
Affordable & Universal Access: Everyone will have free or affordable access to these tools. For everyone to be part of the future, everyone must have the ability to use superintelligence to improve their lives and shape the world. We will offer free versions that will be accessible to billions of people. For those who want to pay to use more compute, there will be a dynamic auction mechanism that will guarantee that everyone gets the lowest price possible for the intelligence and compute they're using while also ensuring the capacity is used for whatever people collectively find most valuable.
Balance of Power as the Foundation of Safety
At the same time, new technologies also bring new risks. There are many important concerns we are focused on addressing — from concerns about job displacement and ensuring local communities benefit from data center builds, to safety concerns around AI misuse related to cybersecurity and biorisk, to avoiding government tyranny and surveillance, ensuring the US and democratic countries lead, and ultimately making sure humanity maintains control over superintelligence so it serves rather than endangers us.
The conventional view is that these concerns are about technology, and that if we take enough time then we can perfect or align the technology to produce a single benevolent superintelligence. I think this view of alignment is fundamentally flawed.
Humanity is not a monoculture. People's diverse values represent different tradeoffs they would make on important issues. There is no technological solution that can align with everyone's opposing interests and values at once. Any singular superintelligence would have to prioritize some values over others and in the process would be incapable of being benevolent to everyone.
Instead, we propose that it is more productive to view each of these concerns through the lens of achieving the right balance of power, as western society has in democratic governing institutions. People and institutions with competing interests naturally check and balance each other to lead towards positive outcomes. The best and most realistic path to building a positive AI future is by delivering superintelligence to everyone.
As a thought experiment:
Imagine only one person had a superintelligent lawyer. They would have an unfair advantage in court — even if they were wrong on the merits. But now imagine everyone has a superintelligent lawyer. In this case, justice would be carried out much more fairly and efficiently.
Similarly, if one person alone had a cybersecurity superintelligence, they could likely break into almost any technical system. But if everyone has access to cybersecurity superintelligence, then all of our technical systems would become more secure than today since the widely deployed superintelligence would help harden and update every system.
If only one business had superintelligence, that business would outcompete all others. But if everyone has access to superintelligence, then everyone will have the tools to create new things, and the economy will be more dynamic and generate more broad-based prosperity.
When people are empowered, they naturally compete and check each other economically, socially, politically, and in all other planes of human interaction. People also check and balance the power of institutions including businesses and governments.
But if the power of superintelligence is held by a small number of individuals, businesses, governments, or AI itself, then that will naturally lead to outcomes that are less favorable for everyone else. This is not a technological principle. It is about the balance of power. There is no such thing as a singular benevolent superintelligence. Therefore, the best path forward is to deliver this power into the hands of everyone
MUSA GÜÇLÜ